The Effects Of Different Types Of Carbon Taxes On The...

Introduction This paper examines the effects of different types of carbon taxes on the market share of different electricity generation technologies, particularly between renewable and fossil fuel generators. The Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) was used for this analysis because it includes detailed representations of the technologies in the electricity sector. Given a constraint on emissions or a certain carbon tax, GCAM will determine the least cost methods of supplying energy in different sectors. We found that the share of low-carbon generation will increase as the carbon tax increases and the share of renewables generally increases with the implementation of a carbon tax. Additionally, the timing of renewable market share†¦show more content†¦GCAM is a dynamic-recursive model that utilizes a solution algorithm that is based on a market equilibrium. It consists of three core modules: a) Energy, b) Agriculture and land-use, and c) Model for Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induc ed Climate Change (MAGICC). â€Å"Regional population and labor productivity growth assumptions drive the energy and land-use systems employing numerous technology options† (JGCRI, n.d.). The â€Å"GDP is a simple labor-productivity model with an energy-GDP feedback elasticity† (JGCRI, 2014). Technology change is modeled using an autonomous energy efficiency index (AEEI) parameter. The choice of generation mix of technologies in GCAM is based on a logit model, which includes the relative cost, logit exponents, and share weights of each technology. The logit approach controls the distribution of market share between technologies or fuels in response to price changes as represented by equation (1). (1) Share(i) =swi .Ci-iswi .Ci- where Ciis the cost of the ith technology, swiis the share-weight of ith technology and is the logit exponent. A high valued logit exponent means that technology’s market shares are more responsive to changes in costs. The share weights are calibrated parameters based on the baseShow MoreRelatedEnergy Crisis And The Uk1594 Words   |  7 Pagesclearly a supply crisis and the UK government is now committed to meeting the targets set out by the 2020 Climate and Energy Policy. The EU has three key goals for 2020: A 20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20%,and a 20% improvement in the EU s energy efficiency. Power stations that are more than 40 years old are to be closed and replaced by new power stations that comply with the new pollutionRead MoreAdvantages of Wind Power1724 Words   |  7 Pages|    |    | ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER: |    |    | 1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. 2. 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It has also been predicted that sometime in the near future all the natural resource of the country might as well be exhausted. In this paper we have tried to present a current scenario of the power and energy sector of the country and also tried to project some future figures. We have also tried to provide some solutions to some keys problems that are face d in these sectors. Electricity Dhaka, theRead MoreThe Impact of Solar Energy Technologies in China Essay2497 Words   |  10 Pagessupport from science, government and market, that fact causes the main difficulties to popularize this energy. Despite high prices some of the solar energy technologies have been already installed, and after several years’ costs decreasing the economic growth enables China to achieve the highest level of solar energy development in the world in 10 years.(Bullis 2010, 53). 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The research into alternative and more efficient energy is ongoing, but there is technology available for those who are willing to help. At the individual level, personal automobiles are one of the easiest ways for people to help with the movement. As more people are becoming informed and taking action, companies are feeling pressure from the government

Differences Between Modernism And Postmodernism - 1411 Words

There are a lot of differences between modernism and postmodernism. The first is that modernism began in the late 19th century and lasted until the 20th century, specifically from the year 1890s to 1945. According to Oak (2008), â€Å"†¦ modernism and postmodernism highlights the difference in the approaches towards life.† A good example would be, during the modernist era rational and logical thinking was encouraged as well as being objective and postmodernism does not and is subjective. My chosen major is fashion designing. The purpose of fashion to me is an artistic way of self-expression, it is not only shown through clothing, but a large variety of things like one’s hair, personality and even plastic surgery! It is because, self-expression is more than just what you wear but a way to show your â€Å"personality† through fashion. Jameson (1998, 1) stated, â€Å"The concept of postmodernism is not widely accepted or even understood today.† It is not accepted especially for the fashion industry and there are people who still do not accept fashion as a form of art in the postmodernism era but also during the modernist era, Paul Poiret stated â€Å"Am I a fool when I dream of putting art into my dresses, a fool when I say dressmaking is an art? †¦ It seems to be that we practice the same craft, and that they are my fellow workers.† There are many different styles in fashion from all around the world that carries different meaning to different people or cultures and that is why there are peopleShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Modernism And Postmodernism1576 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the key differences between Modernism and Postmodernism as architectural movements? I was looking at differences and similarity between the Modern and Post-modern Architectures movement in the 20th century’s, and found inspiration in the movements and the way the two movements has made a massive impact in the world of Architecture world Modernism Looking into the modernRead MoreDifferences and Similarities between Postmodernism and Modernism863 Words   |  3 PagesTo fully appreciate the differences and similarities between Postmodernism and Modernism, it is required to understand exactly what they are. Modernism is the term we give to the accumulated creations and activities of designers in the early 20th century, who had the theory that traditional forms of literature, religion, social organization, and most of all, art and architecture, had become outdated in the new social, political, and economic environment of a fully industrialised world. One of theRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1472 Words   |  6 PagesModernism and Postmodernism are both two important eras in design. Postmodernism takes a lot of concepts from the modernism era. Both modernism and post modernism focus on Style, Social analysis, Cultural Context, Philosophy, Politics, Human experience, Machine aesthetics, and the constant transformation of the â€Å"New†. An interesting fact of the Modernism and Postmodernism is the use of the psychology and philosophy themes 1. Subjectivity 2.History 3. Culture and 4. Theoretically divers aestheticsRead MorePostmodernism : What Is Post Modernism?1389 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Post-Modernism? Post modernism is a difficult view point to interpret or describe in a few words, as to provide an insightful description that remains succinct is quite ironic as postmodernism opposes the attempt to ascribe one broad meaning to any â€Å"thing†. Postmodernism has often been referred to as the destruction of the Metanarrative. Thought-out all cultural eras society has usually had a focal point in their cultures. The age of enlightenment used God, modernists used technology, postmodernismRead MorePostmodernism And Its Influence On Modern Society1612 Words   |  7 PagesPostmodernism is a complex term that has tried to be describes by many different theorist in many different ways. Some say that it is so hard to define because it is an idea that emerges across and variety of disciplines. In its most basic form Postmodernism can be describes at â€Å"departure from modernism and is characterized by the self-conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, and a general distrust of theories† (Oxford Dictionary, 2010). 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These distinctions can be seen in the two works of literature, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross† by David Mamet. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† represents the modernist literature. Modernism is a style of literature that came about after World War I in Europe. It emerged in the United States in the late 1920s. ModernismRead MoreEssay on Why Postmodernism Failed to End History1542 Words   |  7 Pages‘Why did postmodernism threaten to end History, and why did fail?’ This question poses two clear questions, why postmodernism threatened the end of history, and why it failed to do so. While few would counter the assumption that it did fail, it can be argued that it massively changed history, and through answering the questions posed, this can also be addressed. In 1986 A. Huyssen claimed that postmodernism possessed ‘the unshaken confidence of being at the edge of

Capstone 9 Hsm260 Free Essays

Capstone 9 Usha Dillard April 17, 2013 HSM/260 Wanda Rainey-Reed I think it is very important especially if you want to improve the services that are being provided to the clients, no organization wants to have a loss, and every organization wants to have growth, especially when it deals with health sector. So having a proper financial management for the human service organization would give it an edge over other organization in Quality of Service and Net growth per year. Which I think that many HR people are not financially aware and this impacts their decisions, but by then having this knowledge it will give them a competitive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Capstone 9 Hsm260 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also as well rounded look at the finance’s which effect developing their personal awareness to operational issues and marketing issues. The knowledge of financial management is essential as the human service professional strives to create a tenable and largely acceptable model that serves the collective benefits of a group or a community that they are trying to reach. Each professional in the organization should have a grasp on budgetary allocations of different facets of societal work like social welfare policy analysis, human services management, community organization, health services etc. The human service professional must know if the funds allocated are judiciously spent on all the wings of the welfare activity. For this the human service professional should work in tandem with the policy makers to see the program is adequately funded and help them devise the plans and explain them the situation at grass root levels. The professional should also ensure that cost-cutting measures are implemented wherever applicable and identify areas that are either surplus/scarcely funded areas and intimate the same to program’s The human service professional decent knowledge in financial management helps them to be a better team player and helps chalk out a chart for better promotion of social welfare activities in their communities. Example’s why needed: 1. The complexity of client problems appears to be growing, as are expectations that agencies will be accessible, accountable, and better able to document outcomes. 2. Funding limits constrain agency efforts to offer competitive salaries and to fully fund training programs for all staff and board members. How to cite Capstone 9 Hsm260, Papers

Construction Occupational Health Safety

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Occupational Health Safety. Answer: Introduction Many working environments tend to concentrate much on the safety of workers but neglect their health. It often occurs as a result of some reasons such as the associated costs of surveillance and prevention as well as long-term nature of the ill-health condition of the workers among others. This paper presents a detailed discussion and analysis of dust as an occupational health. It focuses on the how dust causes ill health to workers as well as how it can be mitigated or controlled. According to Venables (2016), strategies adopted for controlling health risks amongst workers vary from one country to another depending on the nature of activities in the region. As a result, the paper also stipulates the context of the health risks as well as the country of reference concerning the evaluation of the condition. It then concludes by suggesting recommendations on how the condition can be solved so as to reduce the related health risks it poses to workers. Analysis and Discussion Brief Overview of Dusty Working Environments Airborne contaminants are said to occur as aerosols such as mists, smoke, fumes, and dust or in the gaseous form as vapors and gasses. Airborne dust tends to be of particular concern as they are associated with a classical widespread of lung diseases as an occupational health such as pneumoconiosis. It can as well lead to the systemic intoxications that can lead to poisoning mainly at higher exposure levels (Silcox 2016, p. 22). It is hence vital to examine and evaluate what is considered as a hazardous dust in a working environment. These include; Metallic dust such as cadmium and lead among other compounds Vegetable dust such as flour, cotton, tea, pollens, and wood Spores and molds Mineral dust from processing and extraction of minerals most of which contain silica that is known to be poisonous to the body organs Epidemiology of Dust- How it Cause Ill-Health As we take in oxygen mixed with dust particles, the major organ affected in the body is the lung which is responsible for taking atmospheric oxygen and releasing the used carbon dioxide. Even though the lungs have a defense mechanism that helps in removing the dust particles from the respiratory system function, Ratnasingam et al. (2016) points out that excess and continuous exposure can lead to disease infection. However, the respiratory response to the dust also depends on where the dust settles. For instance, irritant dust settling in the nose can lead to the inflammation of the mucous membrane, a condition known as rhinitis. In case the dust particles find their way into the larger air passages, they cause the inflammation of the bronchi (bronchitis) or trachea (tracheitis). The most significant reaction of the lungs tends to occur when the dust particles reach the deepest parts of the organs. Dust particles that evade elimination by the throat or nose settle in the air sacs towards the end of the airways. However, large dust particles can cause failure in the macrophage system as the particles as well as the dust-containing macrophages collect in the tissues of the lungs hence causing injury to the lungs. Kirkeskov, Agerby Hanskov, and Brauer (2016) point out that the seriousness of the injury caused to the lung depends on the amount and kind of dust particles. For instance, a macrophage that swallows a silica particle will instantly die but produce toxic substances that can cause a scar or fibrous tissues within the lungs resulting in fibrosis or silicosis disease. The disease infection of the lungs also depends on the type of the dust particle that affects the lungs as summarized in figure 1. Figure 1: A summary of the types of ill-health that affects the lungs Dust can also negatively impact dust-related diseases such as asthma, cancer, irritation and allergic alveolitis that occur at even lower exposure according to Bjerkan (2010, p. 446). In their study, Kirkeskov, Agerby Hanskov, and Brauer (2016) assert that while inhaling airborne dust at work, individuals suffer from the risk of getting this occupational dust related diseases. Both the developed and developing countries experience dust related diseases year after year resulting in either permanent or temporary disabilities. Apart from the ill-health, dust as well causes contamination of the products thus reducing their quality, cause fire explosions that can lead to loss of life and property, or even damage the environment as pointed out by Wiggans et al. (2016, p. 195). Mitigation and Control of Dust Related Complications In the process of avoiding respiratory infections as well as other health related complications caused by dust in the workplace, it is vital that hazardous substances be replaced with non-hazardous substances. In the case where the substitution is not possible, developed countries like the United States adopts the use of other engineering control methods such as the use of wet processes, use of vacuums to replace brooms and using a collection system to exhaust the air containing the dust before it is emitted into the atmosphere. Other countries such as India and Japan also adopt processes such as enclosing the dust-producing process under a negative air pressure. The government also advocates for the adoption of the good housekeeping, efficient transport and storage, and controlled disposal of dangerous wastes among the citizen. Downey (2012) also points out the use of personal protective equipment but should only be adopted as a last resort and not substitute a proper dust control. The method is mostly adopted in the developing countries where the engineering dust control methods are inadequate or not yet effective. Conclusion and Recommendation In his study, Downey (2012) points out that the most recommended method of controlling these ill-health dust conditions is education and awareness so that workers can understand the need of avoiding dusty working conditions. Personal measures among workers are hence vital to minimize exposure before resorting to respiratory protective equipment. For instance, work clothing should not collect any dust in the pockets while laundering of clothing having toxic contaminations should be done under controlled conditions. Work practices such as avoiding eating, smoking, or drinking in dusty environments need to be avoided. Lambs can also be used so as to make the dust visible so as to evaluate the areas of the workplace that require ventilation and containment strategies. Control mitigation approaches such as control of dust production at the source are necessary so as to avoid exposure. In it is thus worth concluding that dusty working environments are unhealthy for workers as it exposes them to respiratory complications as well as other health-related risks. It is hence vital that an organization ensures it adopts effective strategies that can reduce the exposure to dust to the workers. Such strategies are essential in improving the health safety of the working conditions. List of References Bjerkan, AM 2010, 'Health, environment, safety culture and climate - analysing the relationships to occupational accidents',Journal Of Risk Research, 13, 4, pp. 445-477, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016. Downey, J 2012, 'Maintaining a healthy workplace',Occupational Health, 64, 4, pp. 20-22, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016. Kirkeskov, L, Agerby Hanskov, D, Brauer, C 2016, 'Total and respirable dust exposures among carpenters and demolition workers during indoor work in Denmark',Journal Of Occupational Medicine Toxicology, 11, pp. 1-8, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016. Ratnasingam, J, Ramasamy, G, Ioras, F, Thanesegaran, G, Mutthiah, N 2016, 'Assessment of Dust Emission and Working Conditions in the Bamboo and Wooden Furniture Industries in Malaysia',Bioresources, 11, 1, pp. 1189-1201, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016. Silcox, S 2016, 'Impact of work on health',Occupational Health, 68, 8, pp. 22-23, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016. Venables, M 2016, 'Every breath you take',Works Management, 69, 2, pp. 34-36, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016. Wiggans, R, Evans, G, Fishwick, D, Barber, C 2016, 'Asthma in furniture and wood processing workers: a systematic review',Occupational Medicine, 66, 3, pp. 193-201, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 31 October 2016.